Marriage, Divorce and Separation

August 17, 2022

Marriage, Divorce and Separation

It is often misunderstood the effect your marital status can have on your Will, arguably sometimes it is particularly unclear. Maybe you wish to have a better grasp of where you stand and what is going to happen if you should pass away given your marital status.

This article aims to help clear up some of the lesser-known rules around Will Writing and Marital Status as the two are much more linked than you may suspect.

(A small disclaimer: all references to marriage and divorce are interchangeable with civil partnership and dissolution.)

Marriage/Civil Partnership

While we are all aware of what Marriage and Civil Partnership is, less commonly known is that marriage has a distinct effect on how you should write a Will. It is mistakenly believed that marriage has no effect on your Will and that there is no concern here.

But in fact, marriage can outright revoke your Will completely unless you take steps to ensure that this doesn’t happen. The reason this is a particularly important issue is that if you were to have children from a previous partnership and have a Will benefiting them, by marrying someone new you could be disinheriting them completely by accident.

So, if marriage automatically revokes a Will, but you don’t want this to happen to you when you do marry, then what can be done?

This is where the clause known as Contemplation of Marriage comes in, this clause is used in Will Writing where you express a contrary intention to the ‘automatic revocation’ of your Will upon getting married. Specifically, this clause is a declaration within your Will that your intended marriage to your potential future spouse shall not have the effect of revoking your Will.

Okay, but do we have to get married within a certain time limit for this to take effect?

  • The most common question we face is how long do you have before this statement becomes invalid? While there is not a concrete time period set, there is legal precedent that the marriage needs to be done within a ‘reasonable’ amount of time, the longer you leave it, the less likely the contemplation will be able to stand up to scrutiny by the court. If you leave it 30 years to marry, the courts are unlikely to look favourably upon this contemplation clause.

I have this clause in my Will, but I am with a new partner since then, is this clause still valid?

  • When it comes to the Contemplation of Marriage Clause, there is a restriction in that the Will is drafted with sole reference to the future spouse/civil partner that at the time the Will was made that you intend to be married to; this being set out in s18(4) of the Wills Act 1837.
  • If you have a new partner that you intend to marry, the clause from the first contemplation is invalid. A rewritten Will with a Contemplation Clause to the new specific person will need to be written for the clause to be valid.


Divorce/Dissolution

Just as in real life as under Succession law, divorce is never straightforward. While we have just seen how marriage can affect your Will, divorce also has its own unique effect on the Will. While it may seem logical that divorce would invalidate a Will, it interestingly only has the effect of treating your ex-spouse as if they died on the day of the divorce, as seen under Section 18a of the Wills Act 1837.

What would being divorced mean for my current Will?

  • Because of the divorce, even if your former spouse survived you, the Will treats them as if they died the day of the divorce and therefore cannot inherit from you by virtue of once being married to you. If your Will states they are to receive ‘X’ from you, they are unable to because under Succession Law they have died before you so any gift to them will pass on to the next person who is entitled.

However, unlike in marriage, there is no ‘contemplation of divorce’ clause, so something to watch out for is that until the Decree Absolute has been issued and the divorce officially completed, the other person is still for the purposes of your Will and Succession Law considered to be your spouse with all the entitlements that brings.

Okay so we know that divorcing means that the Will treats the ex-spouse as having predeceased and does not revoke the Will; what if you are separated but would still wish your spouse to benefit or act as an executor or trustee even after the divorce is finalised?

There is a clause for this in Will Writing where you express contrary intention to Section 18a of the Wills Act 1837, not too dissimilar to the contrary intention used in the marriage section.

 What does stating this contrary intention do exactly?

  • ­By stating a clear contrary intention to Section 18a you are declaring that when your Will comes into effect, the presumption of divorce treating the ex-spouse as predeceased is ignored for the purposes of your Will; that it is your specific intention that they retain the ability to act and benefit as any other individual would under your Will.
Judicial Separation

An unfamiliar area of family law when it comes to the realm of Will Writing, it is more common to have clients who are either married/civil partners, divorced/dissolved or single/cohabiting. So, what is Judicial Separation and how does it affect writing a Will?

Judicial Separation, or otherwise known as a deed of separation does not have the same effect that a divorce has under s18a of the Wills Act 1837. While it is a legal form of separation where the partners have officially separated and have proven they are not cohabiting, it has rather unique rules when it comes to affecting the estate of a client depending particularly on one of two conditions: dying with a Will or dying intestate.

Example 1: Dying with a will that still benefits the spouse you’re separated from:

  • If you are to leave a Will that still benefits the spouse you are separated from, they still retain the right to that benefit.
  • As we saw in the previous section about Divorce, until a Decree Absolute is issued the spouse is still deemed as your spouse under succession law and is not excluded from benefiting under Section 18a.
  • If you wanted them to retain their benefit while completing the divorce, this would be the time to express to contrary intention set out in the previous section.

Example 2: Dying Intestate:

  • The simpler of the two examples, while dying with a Will creates a situation where you are deemed to still be married to the estranged spouse, dying intestate has an alternative take.
  • Under the rules of Judicial Separation when dying intestate, for the purposes of intestacy the course of action is more akin to divorce. Dying without a Will while Judicially Separated will dictate for the purposes of inheritance that the estranged spouse has predeceased the intestate.
Conclusion

In review, we can see each unique and interesting way that different areas of Marriage/Civil Partnership, Divorce/Dissolution and Judicial Separation can have a remarkable effect on your Will and hopefully we have made it clear how instrumental understanding how your marital status affects your Will is.

If you are thinking of having your Will written or realised that a change needs to be made to your Will as a result of this article, please contact us on 0800 0747642 or 01206 544919.

Source SWW

By Julia Newlove September 3, 2025
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What do we mean by “blended families?” blended families are those that include spouses with children from previous relationships. Whilst this does bring excitement for new beginnings and the ability to share life and experiences as a larger family, it can, on occasion, have the ability to cause conflicts that were not intended where children can be disinherited. What kind of issues can arise? You may have the situation where the spouse or partner may have already written their will leaving their estate to their children and since being in a new relationship, have not considered amending their Will to leave some provision for their new family. If they have married their new partner the old Will will have been revoked on marriage but without writing a new Will their estate would then pass in accordance with the laws of intestacy meaning their own children could end up being disinherited. Where someone dies without a Will and has a new partner and would have wanted to provide for them and their children, this will not in reality happen as their estate will pass in accordance with the laws of intestacy which currently does not provide for blended families or even unmarried partners. One common query we receive is where the spouse has left their assets to their new partner or spouse on the basis they trust their new partner or spouse to ultimately pass those assets to the children. However, this doesn’t always happen and the children can end up being disinherited. Here are some useful estate planning tips for blended families: Consider the use of a trust Life interest trusts can be a useful trust for blended families as they provide protection from sideways disinheritance whilst still providing for the spouse or partner during the trust period. This type of trust allows the life tenant to receive income from the trust and sometimes capital at the discretion of the trustees which would enable the life tenant to maintain their lifestyle. However, when the trust ends, either due to the life tenant’s death, remarriage or otherwise, the assets that are in the trust ultimately go to those beneficiaries the testator wanted to provide for. This can therefore ensure children from a previous marriage are not disinherited. The only point to consider with this type of trust is that it will last until the death of the life tenant or earlier depending on what the trust period states, which means the children’s inheritance will be delayed until then. If, however, the testator does not want to make the decision as to how to divide the estate but wants the family to receive financial support as and when required, another option is a discretionary trust. A discretionary trust enables the trustees to decide how and when to distribute income and capital to the beneficiaries which makes the trust flexible. If one of the children was doing well financially, for example, the trustees may decide that they do not need to provide for that child but instead to the other beneficiaries who do require it. The testator can also write a non-binding letter of wishes which can provide guidance to the trustees when managing the trust. Update all legal documents We briefly touched on this point earlier but if someone has a Will in place leaving their assets to someone or various people and there is a change of circumstances meaning they are no longer in that relationship, it is a good idea for the Will to be updated to reflect the testator’s up to date wishes. While divorce does not revoke a Will, it does treat the spouse or civil partner as having predeceased the testator. However, the testator may have entered into a new relationship with a partner that has children and may want to provide for them also. If someone were to die without a Will, their estate will pass in accordance with the laws of intestacy. If they were separated from their spouse, for example, and had a new partner then legally they are still married and the spouse would therefore benefit from the testator’s estate as the intestacy rules do not make provision for unmarried partners. As well as the Will, any LPA’s, pension and life insurance documents should be updated accordingly. Clarity Ensure your Will is clear about who should receive what on death. If the Will refers to a gift being made to the children but it was intended to benefit both the children and stepchildren, the Will should explicitly say this. It may be that the testator chooses to gift one property to the children and then the residuary estate to the partner and stepchildren. Again, it is very important the Will specifically states this. The testator may wish to leave a greater amount to their own children than their stepchildren or provide for a child that is younger or has additional needs. As long as this is clear in the Will this is fine and a supporting letter of wishes setting out the reasons for this may be advisable. Own the property as tenants in common If the home is owned as joint tenants, on death, the share of the deceased will automatically pass to the surviving owner meaning children can be disinherited. Contrast this to a property held as tenants in common. Each owner will own a share of the property which can gifted to whom they wish in their Will. Risks of a Claim What are the risks if someone is not financially provided for? If someone is not provided for, they can bring a claim under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975. However, this is limited to the following categories of people who can claim under the Act: – ï‚· Spouse/civil partner ï‚· Former spouse/civil partner ï‚· Child of his ï‚· Child treated as a child of his ï‚· Cohabitant ï‚· Person who is financially dependent on him. As you can see from the above list this does include former spouses or civil partners who have not remarried or since entered into a civil partnership therefore advice should be sought about possible claims on the estate from them. It is good practice, where the intention is not to benefit someone from the estate, to specifically exclude them in the Will and have a detailed letter of wishes setting out the reasons for the exclusion. This comes back to what we mentioned earlier about clarity. It is also worth considering whether there are any financial orders in place in the event of a divorce that would prevent a former spouse from claiming any further provision. Stepchildren would most likely fall within the definition of “child treated as a child of his” or “person who is financially dependent on him.” Therefore, specific advice and consideration should be sought as how to balance the provision between both the biological children and stepchildren to take preventative steps from stepchildren claiming against the estate where they aren’t being provided for at all or provided for in the same way as the biological children. Estate planning for blended families requires careful consideration so it is important your wishes are clearly set out to avoid any misunderstandings or conflicts after your death. Seek advice from an estate planner or solicitor to ensure your loved ones are provided for in accordance with your wishes Source: SWW
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